Kenneth Grahams The Wind in the Willows Essay Example

Kenneth Grahams The Wind in the Willows Essay English writer Kenneth Grahames tale, The Wind in the Willows (1908), is considered as â€Å"one of the best-adored childrens books of all time† (Powells, n.d., n. pag.). In view of the tales that Grahame told his young child, Alastair, the novel followed the undertakings of four creatures living in the River Bank †Mole, Rat, Toad and Badger (http://www.powells.com, n.d., n. pag.).a.â â â â â â Badger (otherwise called Mr. Badger) †Although he was astute and was both regarded and dreaded by all the creatures who knew him, Badger is constantly prepared to help those out of luck (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.). He energetically obliged Rat and Mole when they lost all sense of direction in the Wild Wood, giving them food and dry garments and permitting them to go through the night at his home. Badger likewise persistently instructed Toad to utilize his autos capably, regardless of the latter’s hardheadedness. He managed Toad Hall during Toadâ€℠¢s detainment and helped Toad recover it from the Weasels and the Stoats.b.â â â â â Mole †Mole is truly keen on individuals, be it old companions or new associates (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.). Mole joyfully welcomed Toad upon the latter’s come back from his â€Å"adventures,† in sharp difference to Badger’s increasingly saved welcome (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.). Mole was likewise amped up for things as he was about individuals †he swooned at seeing Rat’s new pontoon (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.).c.â â â â â â Rat (otherwise called River Rat or Water Rat) †Rat is a liberal companion. He invited Mole into the River Bank with an excursion and a ride on his new pontoon and even permitted him to remain in his home as often as possible. At the point when Rat remained in Mole’s house for a night, he gave one of the field mice cash to purchase a decent dinner for everybody in Mole’s hous e. Rodent likewise set out searching for Mole when the last chose to wander into the Wild Wood alone to meet Badger, with both of them winding up getting lost. After Toad got away from jail, Rat helped him sidestep rearrest by loaning him his clothes.d.â â â â â Toad †Having acquired an enormous fortune, Toad accepted a rich way of life. He invests his energy engaging his companions and seeking after whatever side interest that gets his advantage. Frog is additionally extremely egotistical and longs for to be the focal point of consideration †he frequently tries to convey discourses and sing tunes relating to his accomplishments before a dazzled crowd. There was an occurrence in the novel where Toad really professed to do so in a matter of seconds before arranging a gathering that commended the recuperate of Toad Hall (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.).e.â â â â â â The Stoats and the Weasels †Even on the off chance that they were just minor characte rs in the novel, political understandings of The Wind in the Willows contended that they spoke to the low class (http://www.antiessays.com, n.d., n. pag.). They filled in as the direct opposites of Toad, who represented the recreation adoring high societies (http://www.antiessays.com, n.d., n. pag.). The political clarifications of the novel even proceeded to reason that the Stoats and Weasels takeover of Toad Hall was a moral story of the developing ill will between the rich and poor people (http://www.antiessays.com, n.d., n. pag.). These perceptions were presumably dervied from the way that The Wind in the Willows was composed during a time of fast industrialization across Europe (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.).Some of the subjects that Grahame investigated in the novel are the following:a.â â â â â â Hospitality †Hospitality is natural to the vast majority of the books characters, ordinarily as one creature giving food, attire as well as haven to another (htt p://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.).b.â â â â â Forgiveness †The characters in the novel were additionally lenient, paying little mind to the gravity of the offense. Amphibian was constantly excused for his self-pride and wildness. Frog, thusly, excused the Weasels for holding onto his home by utilizing one of them who came back to Toad Hall searching for work (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.).c.â â â â â â Humility †This topic concentrated on Toad (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.). Amphibian used to be extremely haughty, until a progression of individual hardships lowered him by making him dependent on the thoughtfulness of outsiders (http://www.answers.com, n.d., n. pag.).Grahame additionally advanced the accompanying English qualities in The Wind in the Willows:a.â â â â â â Fortitude †notwithstanding issues, Rat, Toad, Mole and Badger never abandoned themselves and on one another. Rodent courageously scanned for Mole in the Wild Woo d, regardless of the inconvenient time and his newness to the area. At the point when the Stoats and the Weasels took over Toad Hall, them four promptly set out to recover it. These were in sharp complexity to the weakness showed by Rat when he permitted himself to be convinced by Mole to stay in the natural condition of River Bank as opposed to joining Sea Rat on his journey.b.â â â â â Good Humor †Grahame advanced this incentive through Rat and Mole. They were joyful people who delighted in drifting and having riverside picnics. This was something contrary to Toads haughtiness and realism and Badgers inclination to disengage himself from others.The nature of the books strife is the dread of the obscure (http://wpl.lib.in.us, 1997, n. pag.). This remains constant for the fundamental characters. Mole, for example, left his underground home since he was sick of spring cleaning, just to return after he experienced its smell while on an excursion with Rat (http://wpl.lib.in. us, 1997, n. pag.). In the interim, Rats alarming involvement with the Wild Wood had a parallelism to the alleged pitilessness of the industrialized world (http://wpl.lib.in.us, 1997, n. pag.). Badger was confronted with the difficulty of whether he will pick fellowship over disengagement, while Toad, through his interest for autos, had to pick among show and advancement (http://wpl.lib.in.us, 1997, n. pag.).The books setting was planned to prompt the old style pickle of city versus nation. The riverside was a calm and buccolic place where everybody knew each other. This was a direct inverse of the city, characteristically known as both an industrialized enclave and a hotbed of bad habit. This craving to advance business as usual was obvious in the part entitled Piper at the Gates of Dawn †the title of the section itself recommended unavoidable progress or change. Rodent and Moles encounters were much the same as the romanticized image of English nation life. Despite the fact t hat its backers are certain that it won't be cleared away by modernization, they know somewhere inside themselves that their inclination will before long be rendered out of date. Thus, Rats words to Mole: â€Å"Afraid of Him? O Never, never! But then And Yet-O, Mole I am afraid.†;

How to Write the College Essay

How to Write the College EssayIf you want to know how to write the college essay, you have come to the right place. College students and young adults are expected to write a long essay as part of their senior-year research projects. It's part of being a good student and a good adult.Most college students do it because they're so stressed out about completing their writing project. It's difficult for them and they just want to get it done so they can start on getting it back to school. So, how can you make it easier for yourself and your college experience?You should consider your college essay not just as a way to show your interest in the subject matter of your research paper. It should be one of the best parts of your senior year. You should take your time with it and enjoy yourself. Whether you turn it into a pamphlet, a magazine article, or a journal article, it will be for you.When you first begin to write, don't ever worry about the grammar and spelling errors. Once you have be gun writing, always write when you're feeling fresh. By the end of your final grade, the work you put in during the first couple of weeks is probably worth the effort that you put into it.If you need help learning how to write the college essay, there are many online resources that you can use. They offer tips, tricks, and tips on how to write. Some even offer sample essays that you can use as a guide.Another way to learn how to write the college essay is to take a class that teaches it. The College of Liberal Arts is a great course that teaches you to write an essay about any topic. It also offers writing tests for you to take so you can get a feel for how to write the college essay.When you begin learning how to write the college essay, remember that you need to do a little bit of research before you begin writing. Take the time to read everything you can get your hands on. Even if it's just the Wikipedia website, you'll find lots of information on this topic.Finally, a way to mak e your college essay even more effective is to use a professional editor. Writing professionals can edit and rewrite your essay so it flows nicely. Some students are hesitant to use professional editors, but there are many excellent writing services that you can hire. Before you know it, you'll be writing like a pro!

Fixed-Interval Schedule and Operant Conditioning

Fixed-Interval Schedule and Operant Conditioning Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Fixed-Interval Schedule and Operant Conditioning By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 16, 2020 Nick M Do/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In operant conditioning, a fixed-interval schedule is a schedule of reinforcement where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed. This schedule causes high amounts of responding near the end of the interval but much slower responding immediately after the delivery of the reinforcer. As you may remember, operant conditioning relies on either reinforcement or punishment to strengthen or weaken a response.?? This process of learning involves forming an association with behavior and the consequences of that behavior. Behaviors that are followed by desirable outcomes become stronger and therefore more likely to occur again in the future. Actions that are followed by unfavorable outcomes become less likely to occur again in the future.   It was noted psychologist  B.F. Skinner  who first described this operant conditioning process. By reinforcing actions, he observed, those actions became stronger.?? By punishing behaviors, however, those actions become weakened. In addition to this basic process, he also noted that the rate at which behaviors were either reinforced or punished also played a role in how quickly a response was received and the strength of that response. How Does a Fixed-Interval Schedule Work? In order to better understand how a fixed-interval schedule works, lets begin by taking a closer look at the term itself. A schedule refers to the rate at which the reinforcement is delivered or how frequently a response is reinforced. An interval refers to a period of time, which suggests that the rate of delivery is dependent upon how much time has elapsed.?? Finally, fixed suggests that the timing of delivery is set at a predictable and unchanging schedule. For example, imagine that you are training a pigeon to peck at a key. You put the animal on a fixed-interval 30 schedule (FI-30), which means that the bird will receive a food pellet every 30 seconds. The pigeon can continue to peck the key during that interval but will only receive reinforcement for the first peck of the key after that fixed 30-second interval has elapsed. Characteristics   There are a few characteristics of the fixed-interval schedule that make it distinctive. Some of these can be seen as benefits, while some might be considered drawbacks. Results is a fairly significant post-reinforcement pause in respondingResponses tend to increase gradually as the reinforcement time draws closer The big problem with this type of schedule is that the behavior tends to occur only right before the reinforcement is delivered. If a student knows that there will be an exam every Friday, he might only begin studying on Thursday night. If a child knows she gets her allowance on Sunday as long as her bedroom is clean, she probably wont clean up her room until Saturday night. The response rate in a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule is fairly predictable; it increases as the reinforcement time arrives and then drops off precipitously immediately after reinforcement. Examples It can be helpful to look at a few different examples of the fixed-interval schedule in order to better understand how this reinforcement schedule works and what impact it might have on behavior. Fixed Interval Schedules in a Lab Setting Imagine that you are training a rat to press a lever, but you only reinforce the first response after a ten-minute interval. The rat does not press the bar much during the first 5 minutes after reinforcement  but begins to press the lever more and more often the closer you get to the ten-minute mark. Fixed Interval Schedules in the Real World A weekly paycheck is a good example of a fixed-interval schedule. The employee receives reinforcement every seven days, which may result in a higher response rate as payday approaches.Dental exams also take place on a fixed-interval schedule. People who go in for their regular six-month checkup and cleaning often take extra care to clean their teeth right before the exam, yet may not be as diligent on a day to day basis during the six months prior to the exam. A Word From Verywell Fixed-interval schedules can be an important tool when teaching new behaviors. Sometimes these schedules occur naturally, while other times they are artificially created and controlled by rewards systems. If you are planning to utilize some sort of reinforcement schedule to teach a behavior, it is important to consider how the fixed-interval schedule might influence the speed of learning as well as the rate of response.

Socioeconomic Relations in Sports Research Paper - 825 Words

Socioeconomic Relations in Sports (Research Paper Sample) Content: Outline1. Introduction2. Adult participation in sport activities a. Low SES reduces adults rates of participation in sports b. Adult participation determines a familys sporting culture c. Adult participation sets support structure for their childrens sports choices3. Opportunities available to different SES groupsa. Community-based initiatives help low-SES individuals to access sports facilitiesb. Access to sports facilities determines individuals willingness to continue participating in their chosen sportsc. Cost of participating in sports does not favor low-SES individuals4. Connection between youth and adult sports participation a. Adults follow the sporting culture they developed in their youth b. Youths are likely to drop out of sports if not supported by friends and trainers c. Schools provide students with equal access to sports facilities regardless of their SES5. Conclusion NameProfessors NameCourse NameDateSocioeconomic Relations in SportsSports are nothing but a leisure activity to some people but are a source of income for other members of the modern society. Regardless of such intentions, active participation in sports activities is one of the recommendations for living a healthy lifestyle and avoiding unnecessary interactions with the health care system. It is, therefore, rational to expect that people would engage in sports activities in equal measure in an effort to take advantage of the benefits of physical activity. The reality, however, is that some individuals are unable to participate in physical activities for a variety of reasons. Socioeconomic barriers are one example of the barriers that individuals have to deal with when attempting more proactive lifestyles. Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are less likely to engage in sporting activities than their high-SES counterparts. In fact, these trends also traverse age groups and result in comparable participation rates in children as well. These socioeconomic b arriers thereby have the potential to hinder entire families from participating in sports as well as enjoying the health benefits of engaging in physical activity.Adult participation in sporting activities is a well-researched subject that has received a lot of attention from the scholarly community. Research indicates that in adults, low SES leads to reduced chances of participation in sports activities (White and McTeer 187). Individuals with low SES are, therefore, less likely to practice and perpetuate a family culture of engagement in sports activities than their counterparts with higher SES. As a result, the lack of an adult support structure for sports in low-SES families negatively affects the children's chances of engaging and actively participating in sporting activities (White and McTeer 205). In comparison, high SES families are more likely to have adults actively involved in sports and thus provide the necessary support for their childrens engagement in sports as well. Therefore, SES has a direct effect on the support that youth receive from their families when they choose to engage in sporting activities.Other than the familial support of sporting activities, an individuals SES affects the kind of opportunities that they can access as well. Many of our sporting activities require continuous practice, and this can be a problem for individuals with low SES. However, community-based initiatives such as youth recreation centers have proven themselves effective in assisting people with a low SES individuals to find inexpensive, convenient venues to practice in (White and McTeer 204). The availability of such facilities helps these people to maintain their interest and continue participating in their chosen sports. The cost of participating in some sporting events can also hinder individuals from low-SES backgrounds from engaging in those particular sports (White and McTeer 205). These costs in turn make such sporting environments unintentionally biase d in favor of high-SES individuals. The cost factor of participating in sporting activities, therefore, does not support low-SES individuals and is a major determining factor in individuals willingness and ability to continue participating in the sports of their choice.According to research, an individuals level of participation in sports during their youth determines their sporting culture as adults (White and McTeer 205). Low-SES youth are more likely to drop out of sports, but they continue participating if their friends also join in and add to the support that they receive outside their family environment (White and McTeer 205). Schools attempt to provide support to all their students to ensure that...

John Rawls and Utilitarianism - 2033 Words

John Rawls and Utilitarianism Heath C. Hoculock The social contract theory of John Rawls challenges utilitarianism by pointing out the impracticality of the theory. Mainly, in a society of utilitarians, a citizens rights could be completely ignored if injustice to this one citizen would benefit the rest of society. Rawls believes that a social contract theory, similar those proposed by Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, would be a more logical solution to the question of fairness in any government. Social contract theory in general and including the views of Rawls, is such that in a situation where a society is established of people who are self interested, rational, and equal, the rules of justice are established by what is mutually†¦show more content†¦The second states that under utilitarianism, a slaves misery would not matter since overall satisfaction is increased. It is just this reasoning that Rawls proves his theories superior. Rawls feels that utilitarianism does not take into account the individual and pays too much mind to the general happiness. Rawls argues that in this case everyone would be better off with his social contract theory rather than utilitarianism since under his theory general happiness would still be increased, but at the expense of no one or few. Rawls believes that the happiness of many may indeed out weigh the happiness of the few, but to govern by this would be unfair and unjust. I feel that Mill would disagree with Rawls interpretation utilitarianism. In chapter two of Mills 1863 book Utilitarianism, Mill states the following: actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the opposite of happiness. Mill explains that the principle of utility should only be used as a tool for generating secondary moral principles such as, one should not lie to others so as to preserve or increase general happiness. Mill goes on to say that we should only go solely by the principle of utility when faced with a moral dilemma betwee n two or more secondary principles. For example, according to Mill, I should protect my neighbor from harm and I should not deceive another. So if oneShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Rawls And Robert Nozick1486 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism is a moral theory according to which an action is right if and only if it conforms to the principle of utility. An action conforms to the principle of utility if and only if its performance will be more productive of pleasure or happiness, or more preventive of pain and happiness, than any alternative. The rightness of an action entirely depends on the value of its consequences, this is why the theory is described as consequentialist. The â€Å"separateness of persons† is an objection againstRead MoreTheory of Justice972 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation on John Rawls. It will give the principles of the theory and explain what they mean. It will also explain how the principles of these theories differ from traditional utilitarianism. Lastly it will show how justice is defined by modern criminal justice agencies and other entities involved in the criminal justice sy stem and how it differs from security. John Bordley Rawls is one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century. He was born the son of William Lee Rawls and Anna AbelRead MoreUtilitarianism And Justice Theory1396 Words   |  6 Pages Utilitarianism and Justice Theory Jacob Holman Northern Arizona University July 27, 2017 In the history of philosophy and ethics there have been many great philosophers who have come up with theories to understand if a decision is ethical, what rules should be followed to make ethical decisions, and if the results of decisions determine whether the decision is ethical or not. A comparison of Consequentialist theory and Justice theory will show that each have different methods ofRead Moreveil of ignorance1674 Words   |  7 Pagesthe strengths and weaknesses of John Rawls’ ‘Veil of Ignorance’ method† In John Rawls A Theory of Justice, he argues that morally, society should be constructed politically as if we were all behind a veil of ignorance; that is, the rules and precepts of society should be constructed as if we had no prior knowledge of our future wealth, talents, and social status, and could be placed in any other persons societal position (Velasquez, 2008). Through this, Rawls believes that people will createRead MoreAnalysis Of John Stuart Mill s Veil Of Ignorance And The Classic Social Contract Theory Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization of this exploration concentrates on three areas of focus. First, this paper seeks to explain how the modern social contract theorist, John Rawls’, attempts to enhance the classic utilitarian views of John Stuart Mill, as well as the classic social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Secondly, this evaluation posits how Rawls’ â€Å"veil of ignorance† and â€Å"difference princ iple† might apply to the socioeconomic issue of access (or, lack thereof) to health care in the UnitedRead MoreShaw and Barry Essay934 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinguish two different forms of utilitarianism. What are these two forms? Briefly describe each and use examples. Two different forms of utilitarianism are described in our text. The first is called act utilitarianism. According to Shaw and Barry, act utilitarianism states that we must ask ourselves what the consequences of a particular act in a particular situation will be for all those affected (p.60). The second form of utilitarianism is called rule utilitarianism. According to our text, thisRead MoreUtilitarianism can be used to describe the reasons why healthcare should be made available900 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism can be used to describe the reasons why healthcare should be made available universally; why maximization of access to healthcare should be pursued for the greatest number of people (Wilson). Utilitarianism is a theory of consequences, in which the results of actions should determine their moral value. It can be summarized by the greatest happiness principle, which John Stuart Mill describes as â€Å"happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things beingRead MoreRawls Justice As Fairness1602 Words   |  7 PagesRawls’ Justice as Fairness: John Rawls was dissatisfied with the traditional philosophical approach to justifying social and political actions therefore he attempted to provide a reasonable theory of social justice through a contract theory approach. In his work, A Theory of Justice, Rawls bases almost the entirety of his piece on the question, what kind of organization of society would rational persons choose if they were in an initial position of independence and equality and setting up a systemRead MoreJohn Rawls’ A Theory of Justice Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Rawls’ A Theory of Justice holds that a rational, mutually disinterested individual in the Original Position and given the task of establishing societal rules to maximise their own happiness throughout life, is liable to choose as their principles of justice a) guaranteed fundamental liberties and b) the nullification of social and economic disparities by universal equality of opportunities, which are to be of greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society , . Rawls’ system ofRead MoreJohn Rawls : The First Of Five Children Of William Lee Rawls And Anna Abell Stump917 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Rawls was one of the most important political philosophers of the twentieth century. He was born on February 21, 1921 in Baltimore, Maryland. John Rawls was the second of five children of William Lee Rawls and Anna Abell Stump. After attending an Episcopalian preparatory school in Connecticut, he entered Princeton University, where he earned his bachelor’s degree in 1943. Later that year, he enlisted in the army and served with the infantry in the South Pacific until 1945. In 1946, he returned

Looking for Black Holes in Out-Of-The-Way Galaxies

Black holes are strange beasts in the cosmic zoo. They come in two types: stellar and supermassive. Its now well known that most galaxies have many stellar-mass black holes scattered throughout. Theyre usually created by the deaths of stars in supernova explosions. Theyre sometimes found in binary systems, where a black hole and a white dwarf or some other type of star are doing an orbital dance with each other. An artists conception of a stellar-mass black hole (in blue) hat likely formed when a supermassive star collapsed, feeding from material ejected by a nearby star. ESA, NASA and Felix Mirabel) Meet the Behemoths The largest black holes, the supermassives, are tucked away in the hearts of galaxies and contain the mass of millions or billions of stars. They spend at least some of their time chowing down on material in their immediate neighborhoods. Most of the supermassive black holes astronomers know about are tucked away  in galaxies that themselves are bundled together in clusters. The largest one found so far has the mass of 21 billion suns and holds court in the core of a galaxy in the Coma Cluster. Coma is a huge conglomeration that lies 336 million light-years away from the Milky Way galaxy. The heart of the Coma Cluster of galaxies; one of the galaxies contains the most massive black hole ever found. This HST image reveals galaxies and globular clusters associated with the core of the cluster. NASA/ESA/STScI That wasnt the only big one out there. Astronomers also found a 17-billion-solar-mass black hole hunkered down in the core of a galaxy called NGC 1600, which itself is in a cosmic backwater where only about 20 galaxies exist. Since most of the really big black holes live in the big cities (that is, in well-populated galaxy clusters) finding this one out in the galactic sticks tells astronomers that something strange had to have happened to create it in its current galaxy. Merging Galaxies and Black Hole Build-ups So, how does a monster black hole get stashed away in a small-town galaxy cluster? One possible explanation is that it merged with another black hole at some point in the distant past. Early in the history of the universe, galaxy interactions were much more common, building ever-larger ones from smaller ones. Galaxy collisions contribute to the formation of supermassive black holes. This Hubble Space Telescope image shows a collision called the Antennae. During the course of the collision, billions of stars will be formed and any central black holes in each of the colliding galaxies can merge to form ever-larger monsters. NASA/ESA.STScI When two galaxies merge, not only do their stars and gas and dust mingle, but their central black holes (if they have them, and most galaxies do) migrate to the core of the newly formed, more massive galaxy. There, they orbit each other, becoming whats called a binary black hole. Any stars or clouds of gas and dust are in double jeopardy from the gravitational pull of these black holes. However, this material can actually steal momentum from the black holes (provided it doesnt fall right into them). When that happens, the stars escape, leaving the black holes with less momentum. They start to move closer together, and eventually, they merge to create a behemoth black hole. It continues to grow by gobbling up gas funneled to the core throughout the collision. Growing a Massive Black Hole So, how did NGC 1600s black hole get so massive? The most likely explanation is that it was extremely hungry at one point in its early life, leading it to suck in lots of gas and other material. That huge appetite may explain also why the host galaxy is in such a small cluster, compared to other supermassive black holes in galaxies in the hearts of much larger clusters. NGC 1600 is the largest, most massive galaxy in its group. Its also three times brighter than any of the other nearby galaxies. That huge difference in brightness is not something astronomers have seen in other groups. Most of the galaxys gas was consumed long ago when the black hole blazed as a brilliant quasar from material streaming into it that was heated into glowing plasma. In modern times, NGC 1600s central black hole is relatively quiet. In fact, astronomers called it a sleeping giant. That explains why it hadnt been detected in earlier studies of the galaxy. Astronomers stumbled across this massive monster when they were measuring the velocities of nearby stars. The intense gravitational field of the black hole affects the motions and speeds of stars. Once astronomers were able to measure those speeds, they could then determine the black holes mass. How Do Astronomers Even Find a Black Hole? Astronomers used special instruments at the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii to study the light coming from the stars near the black hole in NGC 1600. Some of those stars are circling the black hole, and that motion shows up in the starlights fingerprint (called its spectrum). Other stars had motions that seem to suggest that they had once ventured a bit too close to the black hole and were gravitationally flung away in a more-or-less straight line from the galaxy core. This makes sense since Hubble Space Telescope data also showed the core to be very faint. Youd expect that if the black hole were tossing stars away from itself. Its possible that NGC 1600s core has ejected enough stars to make 40 billion suns. That tells astronomers theres a pretty powerful and massive black hole hidden away at the heart of this galaxy, which lies some 209 million light-years from Earth. Instruments attached to Gemini Observatory can be used to study the fingerprints of light streaming away from the regions around black holes such as that in NGC 1600. Gemini Observatory Key Takeaways Black holes exist throughout many galaxies. The cores of spirals and ellipticals usually contain supermassive black holes.The elliptical galaxy NGC 1600 has a fairly massive black hole at its heart.Astronomers are working to understand why this galaxy has such a massive black hole. Sources â€Å"A View of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1600.†Ã‚  HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials - About Edwin Hubble, hubblesite.org/image/3723/news.Dunbar, Brian. â€Å"What Is a Black Hole?†Ã‚  NASA, NASA, 21 May 2015, www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html.NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes.

Sentence Completion Test - 5817 Words

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT, 74(3), 371–383 Copyright  © 2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Sentence Completion Tests: A Review of the Literature and Results of a Survey of Members of the Society for Personality Assessment Margot Holaday, Debra A. Smith, and Alissa Sherry Department of Psychology University of Southern Mississippi Test usage surveys consistently find that sentence completion tests (SCTs) are among the most popular personality assessment instruments used by practitioners. What is not noted is which SCTs practitioners are using, why these tests are so popular, and whether practitioners are using formal scoring. We surveyed a random selection of 100 members of the Society for Personality Assessment. With a†¦show more content†¦All stems are published in the original article. The Sentence Completion Test for the Office of Strategic Services Assessment Program (Murray MacKinnon, 1946; Stein, 1947, 1949) is a free-association method used by the Veterans Administration. It is based on psychodynamic theory with the stated purpose of analyzing brief responses to assess program candidates’ personalities. This instrument was designed for adults and has 100 stems examining family, past experiences, drives, goals, cathexes, energy, time perspective, reaction to others, and others’ r eaction to the candidate. According to the authors, the test should be administered in two parts because of its length. Scoring is based on clinical judgment and the projective hypothesis. Helpful techniques for analyzing responses are included in the article. Reliability is not reported. Content validity is based on correlations between the candidate’s personality and the psychologist’s experience, insight, and knowledge of the dynamics of behavior. All stems are published in Stein’s (1947) article. The Incomplete Sentences Blank (Rotter, 1951; Rotter Willerman, 1947) was developed as a screening method to identify maladjusted high school and college SENTENCE COMPLETION TESTS 373 students. Forty-item forms are available for each group with only minor differences between them. There are no subscales. Scoring requires judging responses on content (positive, neutral, or conflict) using three levels ofShow MoreRelatedSack Sentence Completion Test3652 Words   |  15 Pagesoffers an accessible, even-handed introduction to carrying out research methods for undergraduate and postgraduate students conducting a research project for the first time. The research process--from planning, through design and implementation, to completion--is described simply and succinctly, with the emphasis throughout on good preparation. 3. Title of the Book Technical Writing: Process and Product (5th Edition)   Author/s Gerson, Sharon J. and Gerson, Steven M Publisher Prentice Hall; Read MoreEgo Development727 Words   |  3 Pagesinto the personality of individuals in how each person is different in stages of their life by measuring by sentence completions test. The first stage of the ego development is considered to be invalid because the test guide lines of Jane Loevinger’s test is based on the subjects ability to talk and read, the test is a verbal sentence test; henceforth infants cannot verbally reply to the test. The second stage is the impulsive stage which is in early childhood, were the child acts impulsively inRead MoreMidterm Exam Accounting 206 2775 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTANCY Accounting 206: Cost Accounting and Cost Management, Part II Midterm Examination Kelvin J. Culajara, BSA, CPA Name: _____________________________________ Date: _______________ Score: __________ Test 1: Comprehensive Problem/Reporting Assume that you are the newly-hired chief cost accountant of Wapayutana Company. As the chief officer, you are tasked to monitor the flow of costs throughout the process, and hence, you are accountable for the costRead MoreTesting Involved Altering The Mood Of Participants With A Test828 Words   |  4 PagesHis method of testing involved altering the mood of participants with a â€Å"test† of verbal abilities, and a subsequent attribution task to measure how affect influenced their perceptions. To alter participants’ moods, a sentence-completion test was used. The average completion score was at nineteen sentences, while the minimum completed by all was fourteen sentences. The â€Å"happy† group was told that answering seven to thirteen correctly was â€Å"average† and thirteen or higher constituted an â€Å"above average†Read MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Basic Vital Signs And Cognitive Function Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesUniversit y (Amy Martin, Christine Davis and Young-Mi Oh), designed an independent project to study the impacts of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation and its negative side effects are the general topics of this article. The purpose of this research was to â€Å"test the effects sleep deprivation on blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, and some cognitive abilities in order to compare results with past studies(). Research in the past has proven that sleep deprivation will affect many aspects of the body andRead MoreUsing A Human Centered Design Research Approach, The Emotional Impact On Cancer Patients1475 Words   |  6 Pagespatients within a healthcare environment. (Mullaney, 2012 p 27). The second investigation, from a social and psychological research point of view, dives into symbolic meaning and user experience relating the two concepts. The case studies use the sentence completion method on participants to gather data on the symbolic meaning on certain products. The third article evaluates visual and audible nosiness and the impact it has on product experience the research intending to reveal relative behaviour betweenRead MoreArmy Alpha Testing1446 Words   |  6 PagesThe first mental tests designed to be used for mass, group testing were developed by psychologists for the U.S. Army in 1917-1918. The group tests were modeled after intelligence tests designed for individual use in one-on-one assessment. In developing the mental tests, the psychologists subscribed to the position that one could be quite intelligent, but illiterate or not proficient in the English language. Based on this reasoning, two major tests were developed, the Army Alpha for literate groupsRead MoreA Study On Dual Immersion Program993 Words   |  4 Pagesin 3rd or 4th grade) and 5 were late arrival in which all 5 arrived in US during 6th or 7th only two years before study. The measures were focused on dual immersion stu dents overall written, reading, and oral abilities. Two measures were used to test students’ oral Spanish. One was the Spanish Language Assessment Scales-Oral, a standardized exam. It includes identifying vocabulary items displayed in ten drawings, a multiple choice listening comprehension section, and listening to a story and thenRead MoreEvaluation Of A Future Elementary Educator1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthey have learned, where they are struggling, and what they feel they have done well on. This will be assessed by completion and the checklist criteria that they must cover for that particular entry. The checklist will cover such things as: a sentence on what you learned yesterday, explain the process you used, what do you want to know more about, what did you not understand, a sentence on how you feel this material is relevant, your name and date included, etc. Along with the journal entries, theRead MoreCivilizations and Its Discontents1112 Words   |  5 PagesLeeds, 1 119 Forest Avenue, Maysville, Kentucky 41056. Email: kimberly.leeds@lindsey.edu Abstract This article review will discuss how glucose levels affect scores on a listening span test. Researchers use students who have fasted overnight and not ate breakfast in comparison to scores after initial test to the students drinking a glass of orange juice or a placebo drink. Keywords: glucose, placebo, listening span, performance Drinking glucose improves listening span